tIcf¯n-se tIm¬-{Kkv- cm-{ão-b¯nð- - thdn-s«m-cp- ssien-bp-sS-
DSabm-Wv- ]n- kn- Nm-t¡m.- Cu-bn-sS- sI]n-kn-kn- {]kn-Uâv- ctaiv-
sNón-¯esbbpw- {]Xn-]£t\Xm-hv- D½³-Nm-ïn-sbbpw- t]scsSp-¯p-
hn-aÀ-in-¨v- Ne\ap-ïm-¡n.- sNón-¯ebpw- D½³-Nm-ïn-bpw- `cWLS\bp-sSbpw-
A¨S¡¯n-sâbpw- t]cp-]dªv- Xn-cn-¨Sn-¨p-sh¦n-epw- hm-Iv-]bän-epw-
s]m-Xp- {]Xn-IcW¯n-epw- kv-tImÀ- sNbv-XXv- Nm-t¡m- Xsó.- At±lw- Hcp-
Im-cyw- Hm-À-an-¸n-¡p-óp-: {]KÛcm-b cm-{ão-b t\Xm-¡Ä- Ccp-ó
Itkcbn-em-Wv- Ct¸mÄ- sNón-¯e Ccn-¡p-óXv.- ap-¼p-ÅhÀ-s¡ñmw-
hn-aÀ-i\§tfm-Sv- kln-jv-Wp-Xbp-ïm-bn-cp-óp.- Ct¸m-Ä- AXn-ñ.-
hy-àn-bñ {]iv-\w,- kao-]\hpw- ssien-bp-am-Wv.- sNón-¯ebsñ¦nð-
asäm-cmÄ.- Bcv- sI]n-kn-kn- {]kn-Uâm--bm-epw tIm¬-{Kknð-- AXp-
{]iv-\añ
- {]Xn-]£ t\Xm-hm-bpw- ]mÀ-esaâdn- ]mÀ-Sn- t\Xm-hm-bpw- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-ó
D½³-Nmïn- ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS hn-im-e Xmð-]cyw-- adóv- kz-´w- {Kq-¸n-\p-
thïn-bm-Wv- kabw- sNehgn-¡p-ósXóv- Nm-t¡m- Xp-dóSn-¡p-óp.- Fs´m-s¡
]dªm-epw sI Icp-Wm-Ic\v- \ð-tIï an-\naw- acym-Zbpw- _lp-am-\hpw- sIm-Sp-¡m³-
ChÀ X¿m-dm-hp-ón-sñóXv- tJZIcam-sWópw- Nm-t¡m- Bt£]n-¡p-óp.-
Cu- tIm-em-le§Ä--¡n-Sbnð- BâWn- \n-Èг. Fómð- ap-ñ¸Ån,- sI
hn- tXm-akv Xp-S§n-bhÀ- Xsâ A`n-{]m-b-t¯m-Sp- kacks¸Sp-óhcm-Wv.-
Fóp- Icp-Xn- hn-im-e sF {Kq-¸n-\pw- F {Kq-¸n-\p-an-Sbnð-
Ip-dp-ap-óWn-bp-ïm-¡p-ó Im-cyw- X§fp-sS AP³-Ubn-en-sñópw- Nm-t¡m-
\bw- hy-àam-¡p-óp.-
-sIFkv-bp-hn-eq-sS cm{--ão-b¯nð- {]thin-¨ ]n- kn- Nm-t¡m- -\m-ep-
]Xn-äm--ïp-Imes¯ s]m-Xp-{]hÀ-¯\¯n-\p-Sabm-Wv.- Xr-iq-cn-ð- \n-óp-Å
tem-Iv-k`mw-Kam-b Cu- Adp-]¯n-\m-ep-Im-c³-- Ct¸mÄ- FsFkn-kn- Aw-Kw,-
sI]n-kn-kn- \nÀ-hm-lI kan-Xn- Aw-Kw,- tIm¬-{Kkv- ]mÀ-esaâdn- ]mÀ-Sn-
FIv-kn-Iyq-«o-hv- Aw-Kw,- tem-Iv-k` ]m-\ð- Hm^v- sNbÀ-sa³- Aw-Kw--
Fóo- Øm-\§Ä- hln-¡p-óp.- \m-ep- XhW tem-Iv-kw-`mw-Kam-b Nmt¡m-
1980se \m-b\mÀ- a{´n-k`bn-se hy-hkm-b a{´n-bp-am-bn-cp-óp.- (1982ð
-Nm-t¡m- DÄ-s¸sSbp-Å F {Kq-¸v- Im-ep-am-dn-bXn-s\ Xp-SÀ-óv- a{´n-k`
cm-Pn- sh¡p-Ibm-bn-cp-óp.- \m-b\m-cp-sS `m-jbnð- "F ¡mÀ- ]m-ew-
hen-¨p'.)-
t\cs¯ F sI BâWn-tbm-sSm-¸w- F {Kq-¸p-Im-c\m-bn-cp-ó Nm-t¡m,-
tIm¬-{Kkn-se am-dn-b {Kq¸v- kahm-Iy-§fnð- Ct¸mÄ- Fhn-sS \nð-¡p-óp-shóp-
tNm-Zn-¨m-ð- At±l¯n-sâ Xsó `m-jbnð- "{Kq-¸n-ñm- {Kq-¸n-'-em-Wv-
Øm-\w.- Hcp- Im-cyw- Nm-t¡m-- BhÀ-¯n--¡p-óp: sI]n-kn-kn- t\Xr-Xz-¯nsâ
Cós¯ kao-]\w- Kp-Wt¯¡m-tfsd tZm-jam-Wv- - Dïm-¡p-I.- P\m-[n-]Xy-]cam-b
co-Xn-bnð- kw-LS\m-sXcsªSp-¸v- \S¯m³- t]m-epw- ChÀ-¡v-
Ign-bn-sñóv- t_m-[y-am-bn.- kw-LS\m- sXcsªSp-¸ñ,- Øm-\am-\§Ä-¡m-bp-Å
ho-Xw- shbv-]mWn--óv.- AsX,- Nmt¡m- tIm¬-{Kkv- t\Xr-Xz-¯n-s\Xn-sc
I¯n-¡bdp-Ibm-Wv.- Nm-t¡m-bp-am-bp-Å A`n-ap-J¯nð- \n-ópw-:
sI-]n-kn-kn- {]-kn-U-ân-s\-bpw- {]-Xn-]-£- t\-Xm-hn-s\-bp-sa-ñmw-
Cu-bn-sS-bm-bn- cq-£-am-bn- hn-aÀ-in-¡p-I-bp-ïm-bn.- C-Xv-
A-¨-S-¡-ew-L-\-a-tñ-
C-ñ,- C-{X-bpw- hn-aÀ-i-\w- tIm-¬-{K-knð- A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv.-
X-só-bp-a-ñ,- tIm-¬-{K-kv- kw-L-S-\m- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸p-am-bn-
_-Ô-s¸-«v- Rm-³ D-ó-bn-¨- hn-aÀ-i-\-§-fnð- \q-dp- i-X-am-\-hpw-
i-cn-bm-sW-óp- hn-iz-kn-¡p-óp.- A-Xnð- C-t¸m-gpw- D-d-¨p- \nð-¡p-óp.-
-F´m-Wv- Xm-¦fp-sS hn-aÀ-i\¯n-sâ ASn-Øm-\w-
kw-L-S-\m- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸v- {]-Jym-]n-¨- ti-jw- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- co-Xn-bnð-
I-½n-än-I-sf-bpw- `m-c-hm-ln-I-sf-bpw- sX-c-sª-Sp-¡-Ww.- A-Xn-\v-
k-a-hm-b-tam- sX-c-sª-Sp-t¸m- B-hmw.- F-ómð- C-ó- {Kq-¸n-\v- C-ó-
Øm-\w,- a-tä- {Kq-¸n-\v- C-{X- Øm-\w- F-ó- co-Xn-bnð- ho-Xw-
sh-bv-]v- i-cn-b-ñ.- A-Xn-s\-bm-Wv- Rm-³ hn-aÀ-in-¨-Xv.-
A-Xn-\À-Yw- C-t¸mÄ- \-S-¡p-ó-Xv- ho-Xw- sh-bv-]m-Wv- F-ó-tñ-
-AsX,- Hcp- Xc¯n-ep-Å ho-Xw- shbv-]m-Wv.- ]mÀ-Sn-bp-sS ASn-Øm-\
LSI§Ä- _q-¯v,- hmÀ-Uv,- aÞew- I½n-än-Ifm-Wv.- Cu-
I½n-än-Ifn-te¡p-Å sXcsªSp-¸v- ]ôm-b¯p- sXcsªSp-¸n-sâ
]iv-Nm-¯e¯nð- hfsc {][m-\am-Wv.- sXcsªSp-¸n-\v- Bsf sIm-ïp-hóv-
thm-«v- sN¿n-¡p-óXv- _q-¯v,- hmÀ-Uv- I½n-än-Ifm-Wv.- AXn-\p-
ap-Ifn-ep-Å I½n-än-IÄ-¡v- sXcsªSp-¸nð- hen-b Øm-\sam-óp-an-ñ.-
Fómð- ASn-Øm-\ I½n-än-Isfsbñmw- AhKWn-¨v- Un-kn-kn- {]kn-Uâp-am-scbpw-
sI]n-kn-kn- Aw-K§sfbp-sañmw- \n-iv-Nbn-¡p-óXn-\m-Wv- Du-óð-
\ð-In-bXv.- AXn-s\bm-Wv- Rm³- hn-aÀ-in-¨Xv.-
hn-aÀ-i-\-s¯- AÀ-ln-¡p-ó- Ku-c-h-t¯m-sS- F-Sp-¡m-³ t\-Xr-Xzw-
X-¿m-dm-tbm--
\nÀ-`m-Ky-himð- AXp-ïm-bn-ñ.- Ahn-sSbm-Wv- Gsdbpw- hn-jaw-
tXm-ón-bXv.- Sn- H _m-h km-ln-_pw- sI sI hn-iz-\m-Y\p-sañmw-
sI]n-kn-kn- A[y-£-cm-bn-cn-s¡ R§Ä- io-en-¨Xm-Wv- {In-bm-ßI
hn-aÀ-i\hpw- klIcWhpw.- sIFkv-bp-hn-epw- bq-¯v-- tIm¬{Kkn-epw- {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-t¼m-Ä-
ap-Xð- Rm-\pw- hbem-À- chn-bpw- F sI BâWn-bpsañmw- Xn-cp-¯ð-
iàn-Ifm-bn-cp-óp.- Aós¯ t\Xr-Xz-¯n-\v- AXpÄ-s¡m-Åm³--
kln-jv-Wp-X Dïm-bn-cp-óp.-
ctaiv- sNón-¯e¡v- kln-jv-Wp-X Ctñ.- Xm-¦fp-sS ]cky-hn-aÀ-i\§Ä-
`cWLS\m-hn-cp-²am-sWóv- sNón-¯ebpw- ]dbp-óp-ïtñm-
-Chn-sS sNón-¯ebñ {]iv-\w.- hn-aÀ-i\w- hy-àn-]cañ.- sI]n-kn-kn-
A[y-£sâ Itkcbn-en-cn-¡p-ó BÄ- Bcm-bm-epw- aäp-ÅhÀ-¡v- am-Xr-Ibm-hWw.-
_q-¯v- I½n-än-Isf AhKWn-¨v- tað-I½n-än-Ifnð- ho-Xw- shbv-]n-\p-
t]m-Ip-ó AhØ GXp- sI]n-kn-kn- {]kn-Uân-\p- Io-gnð- kw-`hn-¨m-epw-
Rm-³- hn-aÀ-in-¡pw.-
]e Un-kn-kn- {]kn-Uâp-am-scbpw- t]m-se sI]n-kn-kn- {]kn-Uân-s\bpw-
ap³-Iq-«n- \n-iv-Nbn-¨m-tWm- kw-LS\m- sXcsªSp-¸v- \S¯p-óXv-
Fóp- Rm³- ]dbp-ón-ñ.- Fómð- ]e Im-cy-§fpw- aq³-Ip-«n- \n-iv-Nbn-¨Xm-sWó
{]Xo-Xn- AWn-IÄ-¡n-Sbnð- kr-ãn-¡s¸«n-«p-ïv.- AXn-\p-¯chm-Zn-bpw-
]mÀ-Sn- t\Xr-Xzam-Wv.-
ctaiv- sNón-¯e Xsó sI]n-kn-kn- {]kn-Uâm-IWw- Fóp- \nÀ-ºÔap-tïm-
tIm-¬-{K-knð- H-cp- t\-Xm-hpw- A-\n-hm-cy-\-ñ.- B-cp- am-dn-bm-epw-
B-Im-iw- C-Sn-ªp-ho-gn-ñ.- H-cp- am-äw- D-ïm-bm-epw- A-]-I-S-an-ñ.-
]-t£- Rm-³ D-ó-bn-¡p-ó- hn-aÀ-i-\w- A-Xn-\p- th-ïn-bñ.- Xm-tg-
I-½n-än-IÄ- \nÀ-Po-h-am-hp-ó-Xv- X-S-bm-³ th-ïn-bmWv.-
]p-Xn-b t\Xr-Xzw- sI]n-kn-kn-¡v- Dïm-hWsaóv- Icp-Xp-óp-tïm-
Rm³- CXn-s\sbm-ópw- hy-àn-]cam-bn- Im-Wp-ó Bfñ.- Rm³-
BhÀ-¯n-¡p-óp,- hy-àn-bñ,- ssien-bpw- kao--]\hp-am-Wv- am-tdïXv-
-sI-]n-kn-kn- {]-kn-U-âm-hm-³ tbm-Ky-X-bp-Å- a-äp- ]-e-cp-an-tñ-
Bcv- {]kn-Uâdm-hp-óp- FóXñ {]iv-\saóv- Rm³- ]dªp-htñm-
hn- Fw- kp-[o-c-³ t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-te-¡v- h-cp-ó-Xnð- F-´m-Wv-
A-`n-{]m-bw-
G-sd- I-gn-hp-Å- t\-Xm-hm-Wv- kp-[o-c-³.- ]-¯p- hÀ-j-am-bn- ]mÀ-e-sa-â-dn-
Øm-\w- A-S-¡w- `m-c-hm-ln-Xz-an-sñ-¦n-epw- sI-]n-kn-kn- t\-Xm-¡-tf-¡mÄ-
B-ßmÀ-Y-am-bn- Hm-Sn-\-S-óv- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bm-Wv- kp-[o-c-³.-
-kw-L-S-\m- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸v- {]-Jym-]n-¨mð- sI-]n-kn-kn-bpw- {]-kn-U-âp-sa-ñmw-
A-{]-k-à-am-sW-ó- Xm-¦-fp-sS- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bnð- D-d-¨p- \nð-¡p-óp-tïm.-
-]-dª Im-cy-§Ä- Rm³- Hcn-¡epw- am-än- ]dbm-dn-ñ.-
Xm-¦Ä- \S¯n-bXv- `cWLS\m- ew-L\am-sWó hn-[am-bn-cp-óp-
sNón-¯ebp-sS {]Xn-IcWw-
hn-aÀ-i\§sf AXn-sâ Ku-ch¯nð- FSp-¡m-ªXp-sIm-ïm-Wn-Xv.
tIm¬-{Kkv- `cWLS\ F\n-¡dn-bmw.-
sI-]n-kn-kn- t\-Xr-Xzw- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n-t\m-S-\p-_-Ôn-¨v-
Iq-Sn-bm-tem-N-\-I-sfm-ópw- \-S-¯n-bn-tñ-
A-Xp- \-S-t¯-ï-Xv- s]m-fn-än-¡ð- A-^-tb-gv-kv- I-½n-än-bm-Wv.-
A-Xp- hn-fn-¨p- Ip-«m-\pw- t\-Xr-Xzw- X-¿-dm-bn-ñ.- A-Xnð-
NÀ-¨-sN-bv-Xp-sh-¦nð- Im-cy-§Ä- C-{X-bpw- h-j-fm-hn-ñm-bn-cp-óp.--
-
{]iv-\]cn-lm-c¯n-\v- - D½³-Nm-ïn- ap-tóm-«p- hcm-¯sX´m-Wv.-
sI-]n-kn-kn- {]-kn-U-âpw- \n-b-a-k-`- I-£n-t\-Xm-hpw- H-cp-an-¨v-
\n-óv- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-t¿-ï- hn-j-b-am-Wn-sX-óp- Rm-³ ]-d-ªn-cp-óp.-
F-ómð- B- hn-aÀ-i-\-hpw- AÀ-ln-¡p-ó- Ku-c-h-t¯m-sS-
I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯n-ñ-
-{Kq¸n-kam-tWm- Ct¸m-gpw- ]mÀ-Sn-bn-se {]iv-\w.-
]-ï-s¯- {Kq-¸n-kw- C-ón-ñ.- ]-ïv- hn-hm-l-¯nð-
]-s¦-Sp-¡p-ó-Xnð- t]m-epw- {Kq-¸n-kw- Im-Wm-am-bn-cp-óp.- F-ómð-
{Kq-¸n-kw- A-h-km-\n-¨p-sh-óv- ]-d-bp-ó-Xnð- AÀ-Y-an-ñ.- C-t¸m-gpw-
sI-]n-kn-kn- {]-kn-U-âpw- {]-Xn-]-£- t\-Xm-hpw- A-S-¡-ap-Å-hÀ- {Kq-¸p-I-fp-am-bn-
\-S-¡p-I-bm-Wv.- C-hÀ- B- Øm-\-§-fnð- C-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ- F-ñm-h-tc-bpw-
H-s¯m-cp-an-¸n-¡p-ó- i-àn-I-fm-bm-Wv- A-Wn-IÄ- Im-Wp-ó-Xv.- A-Xn-epw-
]mÀ-Sn- t\-Xr-Xzw- ]-cm-P-b-am-Wv.-
A\p-`h¯n-sâ ASn-Øm-\¯nð- {Kq--¸n-ks¯ Ip-dn-¨v- F´m-Wv- ]dbm-\p-ÅXv.-
hn-`m-Ko-b-X- {]-Øm-\-¯n-\v- Kp-Ww- sN-¿n-ñ.- ZoÀ-L-Im-ew- Rm-\pw-
{Kq-¸p-am-bn- \-S-ó-Xm-Wv.- H-cp- Kp-W-hpw- D-ïm-bn-ñ.- {Kq-¸p-am-bn-
\-S-¡p-ó- tIm-¬-{K-kv- t\-Xm-¡Ä- C-\n-sb-¦n-epw- B-ß-]-cn-tim-[-\-
\-S-¯-Ww.-
tI-c-f-¯n-se- tIm-¬-{K-kn-se- {]-iv-\-§-fnð- F- sI- B-â-Wn-
]-g-b-Xp-t]m-se- C-S-s]-Sp-óp-tïm.-
C-ñ.- I-gn-bp-ó-{X- \n-È-Ð-\m-Wv- A-t±-lw.- X-sâ- A-\p-bm-bn-IÄ-
(D-½-³Nm-ïn- DÄ-s¸-sS)- C-¡m-cyw- \nÀ-h-ln-¡p-sa-óm-bn-cp-óp-
A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- {]-Xo-£.- F-ómð- A-Xp-ïm-bn-sñ-ó-Xv- a-säm-cp-
Im-cyw.- t\-Xm-¡-sf-ñmw- A-h-c-h-cp-sS- {Kq-¸n-\p- ]n-d-sI-bm-Wv.-
H-cp- t\-Xr-Xz-hpw- s]À-^-Iv-Sv- A-ñ.-
-c-ta-iv- sN-ón-¯-e-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-ïm-b- hn-im-e- sF- {Kq-¸n-s\-
Ip-dn-¨v- F-´m-Wv- A-`n-{]m-bw.--
hn-im-e- sF- {Kq-¸v- F-ó-Xv- Xn-I-ª- A-h-k-c-hm-Z-]-c-am-b-
Iq-«p-sI-«m-Wv.- ]-g-b- sF- {Kq-¸v- Nn-X-dn-t¸m-bn.- A-Xn-se- I-jv-W-§-fpw-
sN-ón-¯-e-bp-sS- aq-ómw- {Kq-¸pw- h-b-emÀ- c-hn-bp-sS- \m-emw- {Kq-¸p-sa-ñmw-
Iq-Sn-t¨À-ó-Xm-Wv- hn-im-e- sF- {Kq-¸v.- C-sXm-ópw- ]mÀ-Sn-¡pw-
A-Wn-IÄ-¡pw- H-cp- X-c-¯n-epw- Kp-Ww- sN-¿p-ó-X-ñ.- X-só-bp-a-ñ,-
sI-]n-kn-kn- {]-kn-U-ân-sâ- I-tk-c-bn-en-cp-óv- H-cmÄ- C-¯-cw- {Kq-¸n-\v-
t\-Xr-Xzw- \ð-Ip-ó-Xv- Xn-I-¨pw- ZuÀ-`m-Ky-I-c-am-Wv.-
sI Icp-Wm-Ict\m-Sv- tIcf¯n-se tIm¬-{Kkv- t\Xr-Xzw- kzo-Icn-¡p-ó
\n-e]m-Sn-s\ Ip-dn-¨m-bn-cp-óp-htñm- Xm-¦fp-sS asäm-cp- hn-aÀ-i\w.-
F´m-WXn-\p- Im-cWw.-
sI- I-cp-Wm-I-c-³ C-´y-bn-se- ap-XnÀ-ó- t\-Xm-hm-Wv.- A-t±-lw-
tIm-¬-{K-kv- {]-Øm-\-¯n-\p- \ð-In-b- kw-`m-h-\-IÄ- hn-e-a-Xn-¡m-\m-hm-¯-Xm-Wv.-
{]-tXy-I- km-l-N-cy-¯nð- ]mÀ-Sn- hn-Sp-I-bpw- kz-ta-[-bm- Xn-cn-¨p-
h-cn-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- ]mÀ-Sn-bn-te-¡v- Xn-cn-¨p-h-ó-
I-cp-Wm-I-c-s\- DÄ-s¡m-Åm-³ F-ñm-h-cpw- X-¿m-dm-h-Ww.-
A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- hm-¡p-IÄ-¡v- AÀ-ln-¡p-ó- hn-e- Ið-¸n-¡-Ww.- F-ómð-
I-cp-Wm-I-c-s\- DÄ-s¡m-Åm-\pw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m-\pw- sI-]n-kn-kn- t\-Xr-Xzw-
X-¿m-dm-bn-«n-ñ.- sN-ón-¯-e-¡pw- D-½-³Nm-ïn-¡pw- C-Xnð-
]-¦p-ïv.-
-sI ap-cfo--[cs\ Xn-cn-s¨Sp-¡m-³- F´m-Wv- XSÊw.-
tI-c-f-¯n-se- tIm-¬-{K-kv- t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-sâ- a-säm-cp- ho-gv-N-bm-Wn-Xv.-
ap-c-fo-[-c-s\- C-t¸mÄ- Xn-cn-s¨-Sp-t¡-sï-ó- sI-]n-kn-kn- F-Iv-kn-Iyq-«o-hv-
F-Sp-¯- Xo-cp-am-\w- i-cn-b-ñ.- B- Xo-cp-am-\-s¯- hn-aÀ-in-¡m-³
]m-Sn-sñ-ó- \n-e-]m-Sn-t\m-Spw- Rm-³ tbm-Pn-¡p-ón-ñ.- F-´p-sIm-ïm-Wv-
C-hÀ- ap-c-fo-[-c-s\- Xn-cn-s¨-Sp-¡m-¯-sX-óv- hy-à-am-¡-Ww.- c-ta-iv-
sN-ón-¯-e- sI-]n-kn-kn- {]-kn-U-âm-b- ti-jw- F-d-Wm-Ip-f-¯p- \-S-ó-
tIm-¬-{K-kv- k-t½-f-\w- ssI-s¡m-ï- cm-ão-b- {]-ta-b-¯nð-
tIm-¬-{K-kn-te-¡v- H-cp- {]-hÀ-¯-I-³ h-cp-ó-Xn-\p-Å-
tbm-Ky-X-bm-bn- c-ïp- Im-cy-§Ä- ]-d-bp-óp-:- tIm-¬-{K-kn-sâ-
\-b-§-tfm-Sp- tbm-Pn-¡p-I,- tkm-Wn-b- Km-Ôn-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xzw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-I.-
C-Xp- c-ïpw- ap-c-fo-[-c-³ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-óp.- ]n-só-bpw- C-hÀ-
A-t±-l-s¯- ]p-d-¯p- \n-dp-¯p-ó-Xn-sâ- s]m-cpÄ- a-äp- Nn-e-Xm-Wv.-
-ap-cfo-[ct\m-Sv- sNón-¯ebpw- D½³-Nmïn-bpw- aäpw- ]I ho-«p-Ibm-tWm.-
A-§-s\- ]-I-ho-«n- A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡m-hp-ó- ]mÀ-Sn-b-ñ-
tIm-¬-{K-kv.-
sI-]n-kn-kn- t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-s\-Xn-sc- Xm-¦Ä- D-ó-bn-¡p-ó- ]-c-ky-
hn-aÀ-i-\w- ssl-¡-am-³Un-sâ- {i-²-bnð- s]-«n-«p-tïm.-
kw-L-S-\m- sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n-se- A-]m-I-X-IÄ- ap-Xð- sI-
ap-c-fo-[-c-sâ- hn-j-b-¯nð- h-sc- F-\n-¡p-Å- ]-cm-Xn-IÄ- Rm-³ ssl-¡-am-³Un-\p-
k-aÀ-¸n-¨n-«p-ïv.-
Fs´¦n-epw- \S]Sn- Dïm-tbm.-
A-dn-bn-ñ.- F-ómð- h-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb- \n-iv-N-bn-¨- ti-jw- kw-L-S-\m-
sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n-s\- Ip-dn-¨p-Å- A-`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-§Ä- \-S-¯n-s¡m-ïn-cp-ó-Xv-
]-e- t\-Xm-¡-fpw- \n-À--¯n-b-Xm-bn- Im-Wp-óp.-
a-äp- Nn-e- t\-Xm-¡-fpw- Xm-¦Ä- ]-d-bp-ó-Xn-t\m-Sp-
tbm-Pn-¡p-óp-ï-tñm.-
ap-ñ-¸-Ån- cm-a-N-{µ-³,- sI- hn- tXm-a-kv,- cm-a-N-{µ-³ am-kv-äÀ,-
Sn- F-¨v- ap-kv-X-^- Xp-S-§n-b-hÀ- k-am-\-a-\-kv-I-cm-Wv.- F-óp-
I-cp-Xn- R-§Ä- tbm-Kw- Iq-Sn-bn-s«m-óp-an-ñ.- C-\n-bpw- {Kq-¸n-sâ-
ssi-en-bnð- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡m-³ Xmð-]-cy-an-ñ.- hn-`m-Ko-b-X- Kp-Ww-
sN-¿n-sñ-óm-Wv- Rm-³ ]-Tn-¨- ]m-Tw.-
-tI-c-f-¯nð- F-³Un-F-^v- D-bÀ-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-ó- Xo-{h-hm-Z-
sh-ñp-hn-fn-sb- A-]-e-]n-¡m-³ tIm-¬-{K-kv- t\-Xr-Xzw- X-¿m-dm-hm-¯-Xv-
F-´p-sIm-ïm-Wv.-
Xo-{hhm-Zs¯ Hcp- Xc¯n-epw- t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡cp-sXóm-Wv-
tIm¬-{Kkv- \bw.-
-F³-Un-F^n-s\ t]scSp-¯p- hn-aÀ-in-¡m-³- t]m-epw-
D½³-Nm-ïn-tbm- sNón-¯etbm- X¿m-dm-bn-«nñtñm-
GsX¦n-epw- t\Xm-¡Ä- F´p- ]dbp-óp- FóXñ,- tIm¬-{Kkv- C¯cw- {]Øm-\§Ä-s¡Xn-sc
Fsóópw- iàam-b \n-e]m-Sm-Wv- kzoIcn-¡p-óXv-
-Ign-ª sXcsªSp-¸nð- tIm¬-{Kkn-\v- F³-Un-F^p-am-bn- clky-_Ôw-
Dïm-bn-cp-ón-tñ.-
F-³Un-F-^p-am-bn- tIm-¬-{K-kv- th-Zn- ]-¦n-Sp-I-tbm- H-ón-¨p-
{]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-«n-ñ.-
-ap-Énw-eo-Kn-sâ kao-]\hpw- F³-Un-F^n-s\
hfÀ-¯pw-hn-[am-bn-cp-ón-tñ.-
-Fóv- Rm³- Icp-Xp-ón-ñ.-
-Xo-{hhm-Z {]Øm-\§sf F§s\ ssIIm-cyw- sN¿Wsaóm-Wv- A`n-{]m-bw-
IÀ-i-\-am-bpw- hÀ-Ko-b- i-àn-I-sf-bpw- Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-sf-bpw- H-ä-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww.-
C-¡m-cy-¯n-se-¦n-epw- tIm-¬-{K-kpw- kn-]n-sF- F-½pw- tbm-Pn-¡-Ww.-
H-ón-¨v- Iym-¼-bn-³ \-S-¯m-³ hn-j-a-am-sW-¦nð- H-tc- k-ao-]-\w-
kzo-I-cn-¡m-s\-¦n-epw- I-gn-b-Ww.--
-F³-Un-F^n-s\ \n-tcm-[n-¡Wsaóv- A`n-{]m-bap-tïm.-
\n-tcm-[\w- càkm-£n- ]cn-thjam-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-¡p-I.-
am-Wn-þ-tPm-k-^v- e-b-\-¯nð- tIm-¬-{K-kv- F-´n-\m-Wv- C-{X-bpw-
A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X- Im-«n-b-Xv.-
C-¡m-cy-¯nð- tIm-¬-{K-kv- t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-sâ- {]-Xn-I-c-Ww- ]-cn-[n-
I-hn-ª-Xm-bn.- C-t¸mÄ- e-b-\w- bm-YmÀ-Yy-am-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-
e-b-\-¯n-\v- _n-j-¸p-am-cp-sS- t{]-c-W- D-ïm-bn-cp-ó-Xm-bn- I-cp-Xp-óp-tïm.-
F\n¡dn-bn-ñ.-
Fð-Un-F^v- kÀ-¡m-cn-s\ F§s\ hn-ebn-cp-¯p-óp-
hn-Ikt\m-òp-Jam-b kao-]\am-bn-cp-óp- kÀ-¡mÀ-
DbÀ-¯n-¸n-Sn-t¡ïn-bn-cp-óXv.- \n-t£]I ku-lr-Z kw-Øm-\am-IWsaóv-
Ct¸mÄ- kÀ-¡mÀ- ]dbp-óXv- \m-ep- hÀ-jw- apt¼ Xp-S§Wam-bn-cp-óp.-
H-cp-]m-Sv- P-\-t£-a- ]-²-Xn-IÄ- \-S-¸n-em-¡n-b- Fð-Un-F-^v-
kÀ-¡mÀ- ho-ïpw- A-[n-Im-c-¯nð- h-cm-\p-Å- km-[y-X-bn-tñ.-
F-{X- \-ñ- kÀ-¡mÀ- B-bm-epw- k-hn-ti-j-am-b- a-\x-im-kv-{X-am-Wv-
tI-c-fo-b-cp-tS-Xv.- H-óp-am-dn- ]-co-£n-¡-W-sa-óm-Wv- `q-cn-`m-K-hpw-
I-cp-Xp-I.- F-ómð- _w-KmÄ- A-§-s\-b-ñ.- C-\n- Im-¯n-cp-óp- Im-Wmw.-
